Search results for " TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE"
showing 10 items of 27 documents
District heating networks: enhancement of the efficiency
2019
International audience; During the decades the district heating's (DH) advantages (more cost-efficient heat generation and reduced air pollution) overcompensated the additional costs of transmission and distribution of the centrally produced thermal energy to consumers. Rapid increase in the efficiency of low-power heaters, development of separated low heat density areas in cities reduce the competitiveness of the large centralized DH systems in comparison with the distributed cluster-size networks and even local heating. Reduction of transmission costs, enhancement of the network efficiency by optimization of the design of the DH networks become a critical issue. The methodology for determ…
Efectos del desarrollo sostenible percibido por el consumidor. Una propuesta de modelo de hipermercados en Ecuador
2020
Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la incidencia del desarrollo sostenible sobre la cadena de efectos: valor percibido - capital de marca - lealtad. Para ello, se propone un modelo teórico de relaciones que se contrasta a partir de una muestra de 317 clientes de hiper mercados en Ecuador. Los resultados, aplicando una metodología exploratoria y confirmatoria, combinada con regresión por mínimos cuadrados parciales, mostraron que tanto las acciones de desarrollo sostenible como el valor percibido son pilares maestros sobre los que se puede apoyar la estrategia minorista. Ambas se muestran como variables clave por su naturaleza, en cuanto son multidimensio nales, y por su alcanc…
Decentralization and growth: what if the cross-jurisdiction approach had met a dead end?
2013
International audience; The relationship between decentralization and economic growth is generally studied from a perspective stressing universal or quasi-universal regularities across jurisdictions. That approach has generated many insights but seems to reach its limits. The paper explains why it allows contrasting positions with regard to the benefits of decentralization even among proponents of free and competitive markets. And it seems from the empirical literature that no robust and economically significant cross-jurisdiction relation between decentralization and economic performance or growth, except perhaps their independence, has been found. The absence of a relation valid across ju…
Does one size fit all? The impact of cognitive skills on economic growth
2016
Les Documents de Travail de l'IREDU, n°2016-1; This paper tests for heterogeneous effects of cognitive skills on economic growth across countries. Using a new extended dataset on cognitive skills and controlling for potential endogeneity, we find that the magnitude of the effect is about 60 per cent higher for low-income countries compared to high-income countries, and it more than doubles when low TFP countries are compared to high TFP countries. There are also marked differences across geographic regions. Using data on the share of the population with advanced and minimum skill levels, our results also indicate that high-income countries should focus on increasing the number of high skill…
RENT CREATION AND RENT SHARING: NEW MEASURES AND IMPACTS ON TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY
2019
International audience; This analysis proposes new measures of rent creation and rent sharing and assesses their impact on productivity on cross-country-industry panel data. We find first that: (1) anticompetitive product market regulations positively affect rent creation and (2) employment protection legislation boosts hourly wages, particularly for low-skill workers. However, we find no significant impact of this employment legislation on rent sharing, as the hourly wage increases are offset by a negative impact on hours worked. Second, using regulation indicators as instruments, we find that rent creation and rent sharing both have a substantial negative impact on total factor productivi…
Renewable electricity producing technologies and metal depletion: A sensitivity analysis using the EROI
2015
International audience; More and more attention is being paid to renewable technologies because they are seen as a great opportunity to disengage our society from its dependence on fossil fuels. Such flow-based energy resources that rely on solarenergy are supposed to lead us toward a sustainable energy future. However, because of their high capitalintensity, renewable technologies require large amounts of matter, including both common and rare metals.These metals require energy for their production, and more specifically for their extraction. The energy costassociated with metal extraction is linked to mineral ore grade, meaning that as depletion progresses, energycost increases. In additi…
Interactions, spillovers de connaissance et croissance des villes européennes. Faut-il préférer la géographie, le climat institutionnel ou les réseau…
2013
Knowledge spillovers within urban economies are also sources of spillovers between cities. We examine how knowledge spillovers influenced the economic growth of 82 European metropolises over the 1990-2005 period. We model knowledge spillovers between cities on the basis of five specific interaction patterns based on geography, networks of multinational firms in advanced services, institutional climate and two combinations of these factors. Spatial models are estimated to detail the effects of growth factors in terms of spillovers and externalities. We show that spillovers are local rather than global and that interactions among cities accelerate the convergence process based on gross value …
Note about the concept of ‘Net Multipliers'
2002
International audience; Net multipliers, as introduced by Oosterhaven and Stelder (2002) accept outputs as entries instead of final demand. They are found by multiplying ordinary multipliers by the final demand ratio over the sector's output. This pragmatic solution suffers from ratio instability over time. The alternative net multipliers proposed here are based on the interpretation of the Leontief inverse matrix for the effects generated at each round. The new solution is not sensitive to the size of impacts. Now net multiplier is equal to the corresponding ordinary multiplier minus one, and the ordering of multipliers is unchanged.
La création de communs dans les fablabs : une force de disruption à développer
2019
International audience
Startup du vin entre vrais apports et faux semblants
2018
Le numérique bouleverse tous les champs de l'économie et le secteur du vin n'y échappe pas. En effet, même dans ce domaine, aux traditions bien ancrées, les méthodes évoluent considérablement et les acteurs nouveaux se multiplient. Que ce soit dans les vignes, pendant la vinification, en cave ou lors de la vente ou même pour la dégustation, la numérisation des procédés et des échanges est devenue omniprésente. Les start-up l'ont bien compris et font le pari de révolutionner le monde vitivinicole en bouleversant les codes pour simplifier le travail du vigneron et ouvrir le marché du vin à de nouveaux publics.